{"id":2967,"date":"2023-11-25T12:26:05","date_gmt":"2023-11-25T12:26:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.brcc.kz\/?page_id=2967"},"modified":"2025-03-13T14:22:35","modified_gmt":"2025-03-13T09:22:35","slug":"eagles-of-the-palearctic-abstracts-s2_413-418_tsittser","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.brcc.kz\/en\/projects-and-plans\/eagles-of-the-palearctic\/eagles-of-the-palearctic-abstracts-s2_413-418_tsittser\/","title":{"rendered":"Bird protection devices for overhead power lines and electrical substations \u2013 problems of monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of bird protection measures"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\tThird International Scientific and Practical Conference \u201cEagles of the Palearctic: Study and Conservation\u201d\n\t<\/h1>\n

\n\t\tRaptors Conservation. Suppl. 2. Proceedings of Conferences\n\t<\/h2>\n\t

\u041f\u0422\u0418\u0426\u0415\u0417\u0410\u0429\u0418\u0422\u041d\u042b\u0415 \u0423\u0421\u0422\u0420\u041e\u0419\u0421\u0422\u0412\u0410 \u0414\u041b\u042f \u0412\u041e\u0417\u0414\u0423\u0428\u041d\u042b\u0425 \u041b\u042d\u041f \u0418 \u041f\u041e\u0414\u0421\u0422\u0410\u041d\u0426\u0418\u0419 — \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0411\u041b\u0415\u041c\u042b \u041c\u041e\u041d\u0418\u0422\u041e\u0420\u0418\u041d\u0413\u0410 \u0418 \u041e\u0426\u0415\u041d\u041a\u0418 \u042d\u0424\u0424\u0415\u041a\u0422\u0418\u0412\u041d\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0418 \u041f\u0422\u0418\u0426\u0415\u0417\u0410\u0429\u0418\u0422\u041d\u042b\u0425 \u041c\u0415\u0420\u041e\u041f\u0420\u0418\u042f\u0422\u0418\u0419<\/h4>\n

Tsittser V.V., Andreev O.B. (Avis LLC, Tolyatti, Russia)<\/em><\/p>\n

\nContact:<\/strong><\/em>
\nVladimir Tsittser Oleg Andreev\u00a0avisplast@mail.ru<\/a><\/em>
\nRecommended citation:<\/strong><\/em> Tsittser V.V., Andreev O.B.\u00a0<\/i>\u041f\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0448\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u041b\u042d\u041f \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0439 — \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0439. — \u041f\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0445\u0438\u0449\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430. 2023. \u0421\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0432\u044b\u043f. 2. \u0421. 413-418.\u00a0DOI:<\/strong>\u00a010.19074\/1814-8654-2023-2-413-418 URL:<\/strong>\u00a0http:\/\/rrrcn.ru\/en\/archives\/35181<\/a>\n
\n

Experts point out that \u201cA quarter of all overhead power lines outages are caused by birds, and 86% of grid companies name birds as main problem\u201d.<\/p>\n

Unfortunately, this is the key factor in the problem of mass death of birds: power engineers are forced to protect lines from birds, while the issue of protecting birds from lines has lower priority.<\/p>\n

In any case, it all comes down to one question: what should we do?<\/p>\nSolution 1: cable lines.
\nPros:
\n+ Absolutely safe for birds.
\nCons:
\n— \u041d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0434\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445,
\n— \u0414\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0451\u0439,
\n— \u041d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0445.\n\u0420\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 2: \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434 (\u0421\u0418\u041f).
\nPros:
\n+ Mostly safe for birds.
\nCons:
\n— \u041e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0442\u0438\u0446 (\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438),
\n— \u0414\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043a \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430,
\n— \u041d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u0421\u0418\u041f \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0445 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440. \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0441 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0433\u043e\u043b\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434).\n\u0420\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 3: \u043f\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 (\u041f\u0417\u0423).
\nPros:
\n+ Different types of BPDs for different categories of tasks,
\n+ Low cost of devices,
\n+ Could be applied to any existing line in short terms.
\nCons:
\n— \u041d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0437\u043d\u044c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u00ab\u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0435\u00bb,
\n— \u0416\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u041f\u0417\u0423.\n

Now let's talk about bird protection devices (BPDs).<\/p>\n

The idea of BPD is very simple. So simple that many companies produce by themselves different perching and antiperching modifications.<\/p>\n

Unfortunately, those solutions may be not only unhelpful, but also harmful.<\/p>\nTo avoid such cases, BPDs are now undergoing rigorous testing to meet the highest international technical standards (GOST), which apply to all elements of power lines.
\nAn important part of testing is pilot operation when our BPDs are used in real conditions by grid companies.
\nIt is important to note that pilot operation is mainly run without control by ornithological organizations. This initiative comes from BPD-developers, who wanting to provide devices for testing, and grid companies wanting to test BPDs at their most problematic facilities.
\nFor completeness of testing, we also run full-scale tests on birds in special zoos under complete bird safety to make sure that BPDs performs well in real conditions and its design is safe for birds.
\nDue to the lack of officially approved assessment methods, manufacturers rely on the recommendations of biologists from specialized institutes.
\nConclusions about the effectiveness of BPDs are made on the basis of indirect signs of the vital activity of birds.
\nBPDs manufactured by a certified manufacturer meet all standards, their tests are confirmed by certificates, they have reviews and recommendations.\n

Our company is investigating the problem, while non-certified manufacturers simply sell outwardly similar solutions.<\/p>\n

Shortly about the \u201cAvis\u201d company production.<\/p>\n

We have several types of BPDs for different tasks:<\/p>\n

- Anti-perching group of devices (perching deterrent) prevent birds from perching in danger zone. This group is represented by the models \u201cBPD-lid\u201d for large bird species, \u201cBPD-S\u201d for all-scale bird species and \u201cBPD-SL\u201d to protect the inner parts of the pylons from nest-building.<\/p>\n

- Isolating group of devices should ensure safety for a perching bird. It is represented by \u201cBPD-line\u201d model for pin insulators and \u201cBPD-gp\u201d model for suspended insulators.<\/p>\n

\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u041f\u0417\u0423-DS — \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043d\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u041f\u0417\u0423-FB — \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430, \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0437\u044b.<\/p>\n

- A special category of our production is artificial nests for large bird species. It is better to install the artificial nest on a new pole without wires, but also possible to use specially designed outriggers to mount the nest on a pole in lines that are already in operation.<\/p>\n

We also want to highlight that many countries have no regulatory frameworks and laws for the protection of birds from electrocution.<\/p>\n

How to evaluate the effectiveness of bird protection?<\/p>\nThere are 2 main approaches:
\n1) \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430\u043c \u043e\u0442 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 — \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u041f\u0417\u0423 — \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438;
\n2) \u0418\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430 — \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u041f\u0417\u0423 — \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438.\n

\u041d\u043e \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043c\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0435 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 — \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041f\u0417\u0423 \u043d\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0442\u0438\u0446 \u0447\u0451\u0442\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0438 \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u043d\u0438 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0412 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c, \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441. \u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n

As a result, the outcomes of these studies rarely become a priority. Conducting a qualitative study takes several years since power line examination and dead bird counting should be done year after year before and after power line retrofitting with BPDs to track the dynamics and draw an unambiguous conclusion about the applicability of the selected types of BPDs in a chosen region or the need to replace them.<\/p>\n

In most known cases, there is no collaboration between grid companies and environmental\/ornithological organizations in carrying out research or in maintaining power lines.<\/p>\n

Also, grid and engineering companies do not have maps of migration corridors, so they may completely overlook this factor in their work.<\/p>\n

When BPD is installed at one of the sites, the dynamic equilibrium of the ecosystem in the analyzed region is changed.<\/p>\n

In the example with artificial nests, we recommend mounting them on a pole standing separately from the main line, while hazardous parts of the line should be retrofitted with anti-perching models of BPDs. Only complex approach can achieve excellent results.<\/p>\n

\u0418\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0438: \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u043e \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0447\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u041f\u0417\u0423, \u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 — \u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0442\u0438\u0446 \u043e\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0442\u0438\u0446.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Bird protection devices from AVIS.<\/p><\/div>\n

\"\"<\/a>

AVIS plastic casings for suspension insulators.<\/p><\/div>\n

","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

III \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u041e\u0440\u043b\u044b \u041f\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438: \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u00bb \u041f\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0445\u0438\u0449\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430. \u0421\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a 2. \u0422\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0441\u044b \u041f\u0422\u0418\u0426\u0415\u0417\u0410\u0429\u0418\u0422\u041d\u042b\u0415 \u0423\u0421\u0422\u0420\u041e\u0419\u0421\u0422\u0412\u0410 \u0414\u041b\u042f \u0412\u041e\u0417\u0414\u0423\u0428\u041d\u042b\u0425 \u041b\u042d\u041f \u0418 \u041f\u041e\u0414\u0421\u0422\u0410\u041d\u0426\u0418\u0419 — \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0411\u041b\u0415\u041c\u042b \u041c\u041e\u041d\u0418\u0422\u041e\u0420\u0418\u041d\u0413\u0410 \u0418 \u041e\u0426\u0415\u041d\u041a\u0418 \u042d\u0424\u0424\u0415\u041a\u0422\u0418\u0412\u041d\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0418 \u041f\u0422\u0418\u0426\u0415\u0417\u0410\u0429\u0418\u0422\u041d\u042b\u0425 \u041c\u0415\u0420\u041e\u041f\u0420\u0418\u042f\u0422\u0418\u0419 \u0426\u0438\u0442\u0446\u0435\u0440 \u0412.\u0412., \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0432 \u041e.\u0411. (\u041e\u041e\u041e \u00ab\u041d\u041f\u041f \u00ab\u0410\u0432\u0438\u0441\u00bb, \u0422\u043e\u043b\u044c\u044f\u0442\u0442\u0438, \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f) \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0426\u0438\u0442\u0446\u0435\u0440 \u041e\u043b\u0435\u0433 \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0432\u00a0avisplast@mail.ru \u0420\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0446\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430: \u0426\u0438\u0442\u0446\u0435\u0440 \u0412.\u0412., \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0432 \u041e.\u0411.\u00a0\u041f\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0448\u043d\u044b\u0445…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"parent":2069,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2967","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\n\u041f\u0422\u0418\u0426\u0415\u0417\u0410\u0429\u0418\u0422\u041d\u042b\u0415 \u0423\u0421\u0422\u0420\u041e\u0419\u0421\u0422\u0412\u0410 \u0414\u041b\u042f \u0412\u041e\u0417\u0414\u0423\u0428\u041d\u042b\u0425 \u041b\u042d\u041f \u0418 \u041f\u041e\u0414\u0421\u0422\u0410\u041d\u0426\u0418\u0419 \u2013 \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0411\u041b\u0415\u041c\u042b \u041c\u041e\u041d\u0418\u0422\u041e\u0420\u0418\u041d\u0413\u0410 \u0418 \u041e\u0426\u0415\u041d\u041a\u0418 \u042d\u0424\u0424\u0415\u041a\u0422\u0418\u0412\u041d\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0418 \u041f\u0422\u0418\u0426\u0415\u0417\u0410\u0429\u0418\u0422\u041d\u042b\u0425 \u041c\u0415\u0420\u041e\u041f\u0420\u0418\u042f\u0422\u0418\u0419 - BRCC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.brcc.kz\/en\/projects-and-plans\/eagles-of-the-palearctic\/eagles-of-the-palearctic-abstracts-s2_413-418_tsittser\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u041f\u0422\u0418\u0426\u0415\u0417\u0410\u0429\u0418\u0422\u041d\u042b\u0415 \u0423\u0421\u0422\u0420\u041e\u0419\u0421\u0422\u0412\u0410 \u0414\u041b\u042f \u0412\u041e\u0417\u0414\u0423\u0428\u041d\u042b\u0425 \u041b\u042d\u041f \u0418 \u041f\u041e\u0414\u0421\u0422\u0410\u041d\u0426\u0418\u0419 \u2013 \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0411\u041b\u0415\u041c\u042b \u041c\u041e\u041d\u0418\u0422\u041e\u0420\u0418\u041d\u0413\u0410 \u0418 \u041e\u0426\u0415\u041d\u041a\u0418 \u042d\u0424\u0424\u0415\u041a\u0422\u0418\u0412\u041d\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0418 \u041f\u0422\u0418\u0426\u0415\u0417\u0410\u0429\u0418\u0422\u041d\u042b\u0425 \u041c\u0415\u0420\u041e\u041f\u0420\u0418\u042f\u0422\u0418\u0419 - BRCC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"III \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u041e\u0440\u043b\u044b \u041f\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438: \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u00bb \u041f\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0445\u0438\u0449\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430. \u0421\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a 2. \u0422\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0441\u044b \u041f\u0422\u0418\u0426\u0415\u0417\u0410\u0429\u0418\u0422\u041d\u042b\u0415 \u0423\u0421\u0422\u0420\u041e\u0419\u0421\u0422\u0412\u0410 \u0414\u041b\u042f \u0412\u041e\u0417\u0414\u0423\u0428\u041d\u042b\u0425 \u041b\u042d\u041f \u0418 \u041f\u041e\u0414\u0421\u0422\u0410\u041d\u0426\u0418\u0419 — \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0411\u041b\u0415\u041c\u042b \u041c\u041e\u041d\u0418\u0422\u041e\u0420\u0418\u041d\u0413\u0410 \u0418 \u041e\u0426\u0415\u041d\u041a\u0418 \u042d\u0424\u0424\u0415\u041a\u0422\u0418\u0412\u041d\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0418 \u041f\u0422\u0418\u0426\u0415\u0417\u0410\u0429\u0418\u0422\u041d\u042b\u0425 \u041c\u0415\u0420\u041e\u041f\u0420\u0418\u042f\u0422\u0418\u0419 \u0426\u0438\u0442\u0446\u0435\u0440 \u0412.\u0412., \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0432 \u041e.\u0411. (\u041e\u041e\u041e \u00ab\u041d\u041f\u041f \u00ab\u0410\u0432\u0438\u0441\u00bb, \u0422\u043e\u043b\u044c\u044f\u0442\u0442\u0438, \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f) \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0426\u0438\u0442\u0446\u0435\u0440 \u041e\u043b\u0435\u0433 \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0432\u00a0avisplast@mail.ru \u0420\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0446\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430: \u0426\u0438\u0442\u0446\u0435\u0440 \u0412.\u0412., \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0432 \u041e.\u0411.\u00a0\u041f\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0448\u043d\u044b\u0445…\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.brcc.kz\/en\/projects-and-plans\/eagles-of-the-palearctic\/eagles-of-the-palearctic-abstracts-s2_413-418_tsittser\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"BRCC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/brcc.kz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-03-13T09:22:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.brcc.kz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Logo2.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"347\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"158\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" 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