http:\/\/rrrcn.ru\/en\/archives\/35137<\/a>\n
\n\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 (Species Distribution Modelling — SDM), BIOCLIM, \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 1980\u0445. \u041d\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 (\u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 «\u0431\u0438\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438») \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0435 \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438. \u041d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0438 MaxEnt. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0443 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b \u0432 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u044e \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 (\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438) \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n
Species distribution modelling methods are implemented both as standalone software products (MaxEnt) and as modules for GIS (and for QGIS, SDMToolbox for ArcGIS, etc.) and packages for the R environment (dismo, biomod2, ENMTools, etc.).<\/p>\n
\u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445: (1) \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043a \u0441 \u0433\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0438 (2) \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 (\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b), \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0451\u0432.<\/p>\n
\u0411\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043c \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0443 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0413\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0418\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043e \u0431\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0438 GBIF, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 2,5 \u043c\u043b\u0440\u0434. \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043a, \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043f\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043c. \u041f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0432 GBIF \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c Citizen Science. \u041a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f eBird, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f 1277,5 \u043c\u043b\u043d. \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 iNaturalist \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 20 \u043c\u043b\u043d. \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0442\u0438\u0446. \u0413\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 — 8,5 \u043c\u043b\u043d. \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043a \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432) — 9,5 \u043c\u043b\u043d. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432 GBIF \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 195 \u0442\u044b\u0441. \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043a \u043f\u0442\u0438\u0446, \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b\u0445, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c: Raptors of the World, RUBIRDS.RU, Hatikka.fi \u0438 Observation.org.<\/p>\n
The volume of available data on focal species occurrence can reach tens of thousands of records, but much less is required for modelling; for this reason, data filtering and quality control are important steps. When compiling an input dataset of occurrences, the researcher must consider the biological features of focal species. In birds, the circumstances in which a particular individual was encountered is important: on the nest, while hunting during nesting, overwintering, migrating, etc., as well as age group. It is also necessary to note which part of the range is used in the model: breeding, wintering ground, or year-round presence. The records of target species\u2019 occurrences should be more or less evenly distributed over the area of interest, should not raise questions regarding identification, and should have a geographical accuracy comparable to the resolution of the predictor layers used.<\/p>\n
\u041d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b — \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0438\u043e\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 WorldClim, \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0430\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b. \u0421\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441 SoilGrid250. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0438, \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 (Global Land Cover 2000) \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 (Global 1-km Consensus Land Cover). \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u044a\u0435\u043c\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439 Landsat \u0438 Sentinel. \u0412 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044b \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0438 \u0441 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, NDVI — \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441). \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission).<\/p>\n
It is important to test the predictors for multicollinearity, as strongly correlated factors will introduce uncertainty in the resulting model. The test is performed over the set of values that spatially correspond to the species occurrences, rather than over the entire area of the layers. Among two correlated layers, the less environmentally dependent one is usually left, for which the working hypothesis is tested or allowing comparison of the results with other studies. It is recommended that correlation coefficient values > 0.7 be taken as critical. Predictor selection should be based on focal species biology and ecology. For some species, topography may be important, not only elevation but also, for example, slope steepness. In species associated with wetlands, it is important to include layers related to the hydrological network. The influence of factors can be both direct and indirect. For example, a particular bird species nests in an area with a certain range of mean annual temperatures, but at the local level, it chooses habitats rich in food resources, which in turn may be associated with certain soil characteristics or vegetation types. Therefore, initial model builds typically use multiple layers of environmental variables to identify significant factors and the nature of their influence on the probability of encountering the target species. Usually, no more than ten predictors remain in the final model. There must be at least ten points of occurrence of the focal species for each predictor to build a good quality model.<\/p>\n
","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"III \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u041e\u0440\u043b\u044b \u041f\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438: \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u00bb \u041f\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0445\u0438\u0449\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430. \u0421\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a 2. \u0422\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0441\u044b \u041e\u0422\u041a\u0420\u042b\u0422\u042b\u0415 \u0418\u0421\u0422\u041e\u0427\u041d\u0418\u041a\u0418 \u0414\u0410\u041d\u041d\u042b\u0425 \u0414\u041b\u042f \u041c\u041e\u0414\u0415\u041b\u0418\u0420\u041e\u0412\u0410\u041d\u0418\u042f \u0410\u0420\u0415\u0410\u041b\u041e\u0412: \u0418\u041d\u0424\u041e\u0420\u041c\u0410\u0426\u0418\u041e\u041d\u041d\u042b\u0415 \u0421\u0418\u0421\u0422\u0415\u041c\u042b \u041e \u0411\u0418\u041e\u0420\u0410\u0417\u041d\u041e\u041e\u0411\u0420\u0410\u0417\u0418\u0418 \u0418 \u041d\u0410\u0411\u041e\u0420\u042b \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0420\u0410\u041d\u0421\u0422\u0412\u0415\u041d\u041d\u042b\u0425 \u0414\u0410\u041d\u041d\u042b\u0425 \u0423\u0421\u041b\u041e\u0412\u0418\u0419 \u0421\u0420\u0415\u0414\u042b \u0428\u0430\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u041c.\u041f. (\u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c. \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0415.\u0410. \u0411\u0443\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430, \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d) \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442: \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c \u0428\u0430\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432\u00a0max.carabus@gmail.com \u0420\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0446\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430: \u0428\u0430\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u041c.\u041f.\u00a0\u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432:…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"parent":2069,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2889","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\n
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