{"id":2881,"date":"2023-11-24T05:33:09","date_gmt":"2023-11-24T05:33:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.brcc.kz\/?page_id=2881"},"modified":"2025-03-13T14:12:27","modified_gmt":"2025-03-13T09:12:27","slug":"eagles-of-the-palearctic-abstracts-s2_342-346_zinevich","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.brcc.kz\/en\/projects-and-plans\/eagles-of-the-palearctic\/eagles-of-the-palearctic-abstracts-s2_342-346_zinevich\/","title":{"rendered":"Steppe eagle population structure genetic study: is there hope for the endangered species?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>\n\t\tThird International Scientific and Practical Conference \u201cEagles of the Palearctic: Study and Conservation\u201d\n\t<\/h1>\n<h2>\n\t\tRaptors Conservation. Suppl. 2. Proceedings of Conferences\n\t<\/h2>\n\t<h4>Steppe eagle population structure genetic study: is there hope for the endangered species?<\/h4>\n<em>Zinevich L.S. (All-Russian Research Institute for Environmental Protection, Moscow, Russia)<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Schepetov D.M., Tambovtseva V.G. (Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia)<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Bekmansurov R.H. (Kazan Federal University, Elabuga Institute, National Park \u201cNizhnyaya Kama\u201d, Elabuga, Russia)<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Pulikova G.I. (Biodiversity Research and Conservation Center Community Trust, Astana, Kazakhstan)<\/em><br \/>\n<em>Nikolenko E.G., Karyakin I.V. (Russian Raptor Research and Conservation Network; Sibecocenter LLC, Novosibirsk, Russia)<\/em>\n<hr \/>\n<em><strong>Contact:<\/strong><\/em><br \/>\n<em>Lyudmila Zinevich\u00a0<a href=\"mailto:lzinevich@gmail.com\">lzinevich@gmail.com<\/a><\/em><br \/>\n<em>Dmitry Schepetov\u00a0<a href=\"mailto:denlior@gmail.com\">denlior@gmail.com<\/a><\/em><br \/>\n<em>Valentina Tambovceva\u00a0<a href=\"mailto:lynx1994@gmail.com\">lynx1994@gmail.com<\/a><\/em><br \/>\n<em>Rinur Bekmansurov\u00a0<a href=\"mailto:rinur@yandex.ru\">rinur@yandex.ru<\/a><\/em><br \/>\n<em>Genriyetta Pulikova <a href=\"mailto:genriyetta.pulikova@gmail.com\">genriyetta.pulikova@gmail.com<\/a><\/em><br \/>\n<em>Elvira Nikolenko <a href=\"mailto:elviranikolenko@gmail.com\">elviranikolenko@gmail.com<\/a><\/em><br \/>\n<em>Igor Karyakin\u00a0<a href=\"mailto:ikar_research@mail.ru\">ikar_research@mail.ru<\/a><\/em><br \/>\n<em><strong>Recommended citation:<\/strong><\/em> <i>Zinevich L.S., Schepetov D.M., Tambovtseva V.G., Bekmansurov R.H., Pulikova G.I., Nikolenko E.G., Karyakin I.V.\u00a0<\/i>\u041f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0440\u043b\u0430: \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430? &#8212; \u041f\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0445\u0438\u0449\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430. 2023. \u0421\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0432\u044b\u043f. 2. \u0421. 342-346. <strong>DOI: <\/strong>10.19074\/1814-8654-2023-2-342-346 <strong>URL: <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/rrrcn.ru\/en\/archives\/35132\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/rrrcn.ru\/en\/archives\/35132<\/a>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Steppe Eagle (<i>Aquila nipalensis<\/i>) had been the most numerous Palearctic Aquila species, but nowadays it has been decreasing in numbers progressively, so in 2015 the IUCN changed the species status to \u201cendangered\u201d. The decrease is evidently related to Steppe Eagles\u2019 electrocution at nesting areas and during migration, poisoning by veterinarian drugs feeding on agricultural animal carcasses at wintering grounds, steppe fires and total habitat loss combined with loss of prey like susliks. To the contrary, the sister Aquila species, the Imperial Eagle (<i>Aquila heliaca<\/i>) \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u044e \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0438\u0448\u0443 \u0438\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0437\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0440\u043b\u0430. \u0412 60\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0445\u0438\u0449\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0442\u0438\u0446 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u041f\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u0442.\u043d. \u0414\u0414\u0422-\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0441\u0430 &#8212; \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 (\u0434\u0438\u0445\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043b\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c). \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0445\u0438\u0449\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0442\u0438\u0446 \u0432 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0451 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0439. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0440\u043b\u0430, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d, \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438, \u041c\u043e\u043d\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u041a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0414\u0414\u0422-\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0441\u0430, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, loss of genetic stability can be a reason for lasting population decline. Genetic threats like population fragmentation, genetic erosion and inbreeding depression are believed more prolonged in comparison to anthropogenic impacts and more rarely come under increasing scrutiny of conservation practitioners. However, if exist, they can lead to species extinction regardless of removal of all other threats.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0440\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e. \u0412 2018 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0445 I \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0440\u043b\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043a \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0440\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 (\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 250 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0446\u043e\u0432) \u0438 \u043e\u0440\u043b\u0430-\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d (\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 100 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0446\u043e\u0432). \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0440\u044b &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d \u043c\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0445\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0430 (D-\u043f\u0435\u0442\u043b\u044f) \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0432\u044f\u0442\u044c \u044f\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0440\u043b\u0430. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0446\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0433\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u0413\u0418\u0421-\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n<p>The genetic analysis showed that the Steppe Eagle population structure is highly similar to that of the Imperial Eagle but with less genetic diversity and have some traces of multiple coming through bottleneck with huge population number and genetic diversity decline. Fragmentation analysis showed no genetic isolation of geographically fragmented nesting groups despite of presumed natal phylopatry in accordance with our Steppe Eagle parentage data. Preliminary estimation of the Steppe Eagle population effective numbers by linkage disequilibrium method showed rather high values inspite of the lasting population decline. The molecular coancestry estimation showed more serious decline during the latest bottleneck which was also far below the ancestral Imperial Eagle population at the studied areas. The inbreeding rate for the Steppe Eagle population at the most part of the species areas turned out to outnumber one for the local population of the Imperial Eagle.<\/p>\n<p>Our data showed no immediate genetic threats for the Steppe Eagle population restoration and also demonstrated traces of multiple bottlenecks in the species evolution. Still the genetic structure of the species population keeps some traits of modern decline and should be monitored permanently according to the species numbers. Unique population structure patterns of the Steppe Eagle between other\u00a0<i>Aquila\u00a0<\/i>species and their conservation aspects are directions for future Aquila nipalensis genetic research.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_2421\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.brcc.kz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/\u0441\u0442\u0440271.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2421\" src=\"https:\/\/www.brcc.kz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/\u0441\u0442\u0440271-300x205.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"205\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-2421\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lyudmila Zinevich and Genriyetta Pulikova collect feather pulp from steppe eagle (<em>Aquila nipalensis<\/em>) chicks for molecular genetic studies. Photo by I. Karyakin.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_2422\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.brcc.kz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/\u0441\u0442\u0440273-\u043d\u0438\u0437.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2422\" src=\"https:\/\/www.brcc.kz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/\u0441\u0442\u0440273-\u043d\u0438\u0437-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-2422\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0421\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0433\u0430\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0444\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 D-\u043f\u0435\u0442\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0440\u043b\u0430. \u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b: \u0410 &#8212; \u0422\u041a\u0421 (Clement\u00a0et al., 2002); \u0411 &#8212; \u041c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u043f\u0441\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043d=0 (\u0411\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0442 \u0438 \u0434\u0440., 1999).<\/p><\/div>\n<hr \/>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>III \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u041e\u0440\u043b\u044b \u041f\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438: \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u00bb \u041f\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0445\u0438\u0449\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430. \u0421\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a 2. \u0422\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0441\u044b \u041f\u041e\u041f\u0423\u041b\u042f\u0426\u0418\u041e\u041d\u041d\u041e-\u0413\u0415\u041d\u0415\u0422\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u0410\u042f \u0421\u0422\u0420\u0423\u041a\u0422\u0423\u0420\u0410 \u0421\u0422\u0415\u041f\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041e\u0420\u041b\u0410: \u0415\u0421\u0422\u042c \u041b\u0418 \u041d\u0410\u0414\u0415\u0416\u0414\u0410 \u041d\u0410 \u0421\u041e\u0425\u0420\u0410\u041d\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0415 \u0412\u0418\u0414\u0410? \u0417\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b.\u0421. (\u0424\u0413\u0411\u0423 \u00ab\u0412\u041d\u0418\u0418 \u042d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f\u00bb, \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430, \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f) \u0429\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0414.\u041c., \u0422\u0430\u043c\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0412.\u0413. (\u0418\u0411\u0420 \u0438\u043c. \u041d.\u041a. \u041a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0446\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0420\u0410\u041d, \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430, \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f) \u0411\u0435\u043a\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0420.\u0425. (\u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442, \u0415\u043b\u0430\u0431\u0443\u0436\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0442; \u0424\u0413\u0411\u0423 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043a&hellip;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"parent":2069,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2881","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u041f\u041e\u041f\u0423\u041b\u042f\u0426\u0418\u041e\u041d\u041d\u041e-\u0413\u0415\u041d\u0415\u0422\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u0410\u042f \u0421\u0422\u0420\u0423\u041a\u0422\u0423\u0420\u0410 \u0421\u0422\u0415\u041f\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041e\u0420\u041b\u0410: \u0415\u0421\u0422\u042c \u041b\u0418 \u041d\u0410\u0414\u0415\u0416\u0414\u0410 \u041d\u0410 \u0421\u041e\u0425\u0420\u0410\u041d\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0415 \u0412\u0418\u0414\u0410? - BRCC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.brcc.kz\/en\/projects-and-plans\/eagles-of-the-palearctic\/eagles-of-the-palearctic-abstracts-s2_342-346_zinevich\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u041f\u041e\u041f\u0423\u041b\u042f\u0426\u0418\u041e\u041d\u041d\u041e-\u0413\u0415\u041d\u0415\u0422\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u0410\u042f \u0421\u0422\u0420\u0423\u041a\u0422\u0423\u0420\u0410 \u0421\u0422\u0415\u041f\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041e\u0420\u041b\u0410: \u0415\u0421\u0422\u042c \u041b\u0418 \u041d\u0410\u0414\u0415\u0416\u0414\u0410 \u041d\u0410 \u0421\u041e\u0425\u0420\u0410\u041d\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0415 \u0412\u0418\u0414\u0410? - BRCC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"III \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u041e\u0440\u043b\u044b \u041f\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438: \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u00bb \u041f\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0445\u0438\u0449\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430. \u0421\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a 2. \u0422\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0441\u044b \u041f\u041e\u041f\u0423\u041b\u042f\u0426\u0418\u041e\u041d\u041d\u041e-\u0413\u0415\u041d\u0415\u0422\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u0410\u042f \u0421\u0422\u0420\u0423\u041a\u0422\u0423\u0420\u0410 \u0421\u0422\u0415\u041f\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041e\u0420\u041b\u0410: \u0415\u0421\u0422\u042c \u041b\u0418 \u041d\u0410\u0414\u0415\u0416\u0414\u0410 \u041d\u0410 \u0421\u041e\u0425\u0420\u0410\u041d\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0415 \u0412\u0418\u0414\u0410? \u0417\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b.\u0421. 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