{"id":2638,"date":"2023-11-18T05:09:20","date_gmt":"2023-11-18T05:09:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.brcc.kz\/?page_id=2638"},"modified":"2025-03-13T13:46:40","modified_gmt":"2025-03-13T08:46:40","slug":"eagles-of-the-palearctic-abstracts-s2_142-152_smelansky","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.brcc.kz\/en\/projects-and-plans\/eagles-of-the-palearctic\/eagles-of-the-palearctic-abstracts-s2_142-152_smelansky\/","title":{"rendered":"Eagle Nesting Groups in the Important Bird Area \u201cDonyz-Tau cliff faces\u201d in 2022"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\tThird International Scientific and Practical Conference \u201cEagles of the Palearctic: Study and Conservation\u201d\n\t<\/h1>\n

\n\t\tRaptors Conservation. Suppl. 2. Proceedings of Conferences\n\t<\/h2>\n\t

Eagle Nesting Groups in the Important Bird Area \u201cDonyz-Tau cliff faces\u201d in 2022<\/h4>\nSmelansky I.E. (The Association for the Conservation of Biodiversity of Kazakhstan, Astana, Kazakhstan; Sibecocenter LLC, Novosibirsk, Russia)<\/em>
\nTomilenko A.A., Barashkova A.N. (Sibecocenter LLC, Novosibirsk, Russia) Aleksandrovich R.N. (The Association for the Conservation of Biodiversity of Kazakhstan, Astana, Kazakhstan)<\/em>
\nAleksandrovich R.N. (The Association for the Conservation of Biodiversity of Kazakhstan,\nAstana, Kazakhstan)<\/em>\n
\nContact:<\/strong><\/em>
\nIlya Smelansky\u00a0ilya.smelansky@acbk.kz<\/a><\/em>
\nAndrey Tomilenko\u00a0aatom@ngs.ru<\/a><\/em>
\nAnna Barashkova\u00a0yazula.manul@gmail.com<\/a><\/em>
\nRoman Alexandrovich roman.alexandrovich@acbk.kz<\/a><\/em>
\nRecommended citation:<\/strong><\/em> Smelansky I.E., Tomilenko A.A., Barashkova A.N., Aleksandrovich R.N.\u00a0<\/i>\u0413\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0440\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u00ab\u0427\u0438\u043d\u043a \u0414\u043e\u043d\u044b\u0437\u0442\u0430\u0443\u00bb \u0432 2022 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443. — \u041f\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0445\u0438\u0449\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430. 2023. \u0421\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0432\u044b\u043f. 2. \u0421. 142-152.\u00a0DOI:<\/strong>\u00a010.19074\/1814-8654-2023-2-142-152 URL: <\/strong>http:\/\/rrrcn.ru\/en\/archives\/34925<\/a>\n
\n

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\u0441\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043d\u0438.<\/p>\n

\u041e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041a\u041e\u0422 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0410\u043a\u0442\u044e\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u0441 15 \u043f\u043e 25 \u0438\u044e\u043d\u044f 2022 \u0433. \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b \u043f\u043e \u0447\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0443 \u0441 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434, \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u044a\u0451\u043c\u0430 \u0410\u0449\u0435\u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430\u043a \u0434\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0410\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 (\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0422\u0430\u043c\u0434\u044b). \u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u041a\u041e\u0422 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b 250 \u043a\u043c (+30 \u043a\u043c \u0432\u043d\u0435 \u041a\u041e\u0422), \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0436\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0447\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430 — 150 \u043a\u043c, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442 — 10 \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 (11 \u043d\u043e\u0447\u0451\u0432\u043e\u043a). \u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0442\u0438\u0446, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0435 2022 \u0433.<\/p>\n

For Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos<\/i>) \u0438 \u043e\u0440\u043b\u0430-\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0433\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u044c, \u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0436\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0433\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0438\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432 — \u0447\u0438\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u044d\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u044f\u0434, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0443 (\u041a\u0430\u0440\u044f\u043a\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0434\u0440., 2005\u0430, 2005\u0431, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011). \u041f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0433\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0440\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u044c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044b, \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 1100 \u043a\u043c2<\/sup>.<\/p>\nSteppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis<\/i>)<\/strong>
\n\u0412\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e 34 \u0433\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0440\u043b\u0430, \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 (\u0436\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0435). \u041e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e 9 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0434. \u0412\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0442\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e 6 \u0440\u0430\u0437 (6 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0439), \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 — \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0436\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0435 (\u0440\u0438\u0441. 1). \u041d\u0430 7 \u0433\u043d\u0451\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0438 7 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u044b \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e (\u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443) \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0430\u0445, \u0441 \u0443\u0447\u0451\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u043d\u0451\u0437\u0434 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f 13 \u0433\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0440\u043b\u0430, \u043d\u0430 11 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0442\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u044b \u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f (\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438), \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0435 — \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0412 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435, 2 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430 (5 \u0433\u043d\u0451\u0437\u0434) \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0435 \u041a\u041e\u0422, \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0432\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0435\u0451 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b.\n

\u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447 \u0432\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0440\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 2,1 \u043f\u0442\u0438\u0446 \u043d\u0430 100 \u043a\u043c \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0430, \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 — \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 0,5 \u043f\u0442\u0438\u0446 \u043d\u0430 100 \u043a\u043c2<\/sup>. \u041f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0433\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f — 1,2 \u0433\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 100 \u043a\u043c2<\/sup>, including 0.09 successful territories per 100 km2\u00a0<\/sup>, including 0.09 successful territories per 100 km2<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Three previously known Steppe Eagle breeding territories were inspected. Two of them were first identified in 2012 and then checked in 2017 and 2018. One was first identified in 2017 and has not been inspected until now. All territories were first identified by an occupied nest. No breeding was detected in all three territories so far, two were occupied (traces of recent bird visits were noticed), one was possibly empty.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Fig. 1. Findings of Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis<\/i>), Eastern Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca<\/i>), and Golden Eagle\n(Aquila chrysaetos<\/i>) on the Donyz-Tau cliff faces in the Aktobe region in 2022.<\/p><\/div>\n

\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0433\u043d\u0451\u0437\u0434\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 2012 \u0433., \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c, \u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u044b (\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0437\u043b\u043e \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043a 2017 \u0433., \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 — \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0438\u044e\u043d\u0435\u043c 2018 \u0438 \u0438\u044e\u043d\u0435\u043c 2022). \u0413\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043e, \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432 2017 \u0433., \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\n

The only active nest was located on plateau (about 3.5 km to the edge of the cliff faces slope). When examined on June 15, it contained three nestlings aged from 26\u201330 to 36\u201340 days. After 20 days, only one nestling remained in the nest upon the second visit, most likely the eldest (the nest was visited on May 7, 2022, by A.E. Bragin and T. Katzner). Two other nestlings have possibly become prey to Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo<\/i>) or four-legged predators.<\/p>\n

Among Steppe Eagle pellets and food remains in nests and near perches, Great Gerbil (Rhombomys opimus<\/i>) and Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus fulvus<\/i>), \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e — \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0433\u0430\u043c\u044b (Trapelus sanguinolentus<\/i>) \u0438 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u043c\u0435\u0438. \u0412 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0435 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0433\u0430\u043a\u0430 (Saiga tatarica<\/i>).<\/p>\n

Nests inspected in 2022 were built on the ground, on the heap or collapse of stones, on the collapse of stone blocks of armored sandstone slabs on ledges, on burial structures, on low bushes (often leaning on a bush with one side on a slope). All nests were in the open and had enough space around them for grown nestlings to leave. Nests on the metal structures of Trigo points were previously known here, but now they have disappeared, and new ones were not built. Nests are built at relatively gentle cliff faces slopes, low gentle elevations on the plateau (behind the upper tier of the cliff faces), slopes, ridges, and remnant mountaintops of the erosion ridges of the lower cliff faces tier and in subcliff faces depression.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Nest of the Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca). Photo by I. Smelansky.<\/p><\/div>\nImperial eagle (Aquila heliaca<\/i>)<\/strong>
\nA total of 23 Eastern Imperial Eagle nests were found, nine of which had broods at the time of the survey, in one nest the brood was possibly destroyed by Eagle Owl (traces of a gored nestling were found near an empty nest on a turanga), and a dead clutch was found in another. Thus, inhabited nests accounted for almost half of all examined nests (48%). Eleven adult birds and at least thirteen nestlings were observed in nests (Fig. 1).\n

The average sightings frequency of adult eagles was 3.9 birds\/100 km of route, or 7.3 birds\/100 km of route; the sightings density in the examined area (1100 km2<\/sup>) — 0,98 \u043f\u0442\u0438\u0446 \u043d\u0430 100 \u043a\u043c2<\/sup>Virtually all observations of adult Eastern Imperial Eagles were in occupied breeding territories. Bird encounter without a connection to an occupied nest was recorded in a single case (nest most likely remained undetected).<\/p>\n

Based on the nest findings and bird\nsightings, 15 breeding territories were localized\nwith certainty, without counting\npreviously disappeared known territories\n(three of them), including 12 active\nones, out of which nine were successful\nat the time of the check. Nesting density\nfor the entire surveyed area is 1.34 breeding\nterritories\/100 km2<\/sup>, including 0.98\nactive and 0.80 successful breeding territories\/\n100 km2<\/sup>. For the length of 150 km\nof the surveyed cliff faces, nesting density\nper length of the cliff faces strip was 10\nbreeding territories\/100 km of cliff faces,\nincluding eight active territories and of\nthem six successful at the time of the survey\n\/ 100 km.<\/p>\n

Eight previously known Eastern Imperial Eagle breeding territories (first identified in 2017 and earlier) were surveyed. Two of them turned out to be occupied with successful breeding, one is visited by birds, but no active nests were located. There is still a nest in one territory, but the area is most likely empty. In other four areas, nests have not survived (in two cases nesting trees disappeared as well), and no traces of bird presence were found.<\/p>\n

In all cases (n<\/i>=6), when it was possible to examine nest contents in detail, there\nwere two nestlings in the brood. In other cases (n=4), the number of nestlings in the brood remained unspecified (no less than one nestling). Nestlings age varied from 36 (possibly from 31) to 50 days.<\/p>\n

All found nests were located on low trees or large turanga bushes, willow, saxaul, or tamarisk. Usually, the nests were located in the upper fork of the branches or on the largest branch in the tree crown, with an open approach from above and from either side. However, from other sides the nest is often hidden by the tree crown. Nests were located at the bottom of large valleys on cliff faces or on slopes and bottoms of side logs cut into the sides of such valleys, often at the very top of the log, near the foot of the slope.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Nest of the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) on\nthe Donyz-Tau cliff face. Photo by I. Smelansky.<\/p><\/div>\nGolden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos<\/i>)<\/strong>
\n\u041d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e 5 \u0432\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0442\u0438\u0446 (\u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u044b), \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e 5 \u0433\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0443\u0442\u0430 (\u0440\u0438\u0441. 1). \u0422\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 — \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0430\u0431\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0433\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043e. \u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0430, \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438. \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430, \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 2017 \u0433. \u0412 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044b \u0438, \u0441\u0443\u0434\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0433\u043d\u0451\u0437\u0434 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0434.\n

The only found inhabited nest contained one fully feathered nestling. Other nestlings from this brood probably left the nest already, but it is more likely that at the time of examination the brood consisted of one nestling (Golden Eagle fledglings in Northern Ustyurt stay close to the nest for the first days after departure, but we did not meet any fledglings despite spending a long time at the breeding territory).<\/p>\n

The nesting density per 100 km of cliff faces was 3.3 breeding territories, including two occupied territories and between 0.7 and 2 territories with successful breeding.<\/p>\n

\u0412\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e 6-8 \u0433\u043d\u0451\u0437\u0434 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0443\u0442\u0430 (\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0433\u043d\u0451\u0437\u0434 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0435\u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e), \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0436\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0435, \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0443\u044e\u0442. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u0433\u043d\u0451\u0437\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0445 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0438\u0448\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0435, \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0442\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439. \u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0430 — \u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043c \u0431\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043e.<\/p>\nThe status of nesting groups of eagles<\/strong>
\n\u0414\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u043d\u0451\u0437\u0434 \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0440\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u041a\u041e\u0422 \u0432 2022 \u0433. — \u043d\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435. \u041f\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 2017-2018 \u0433\u0433., \u043e\u043d\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0445\u0443\u0434\u0448\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c.\n

In contrast, the state of Eastern Imperial Eagle nesting group is quite good and has undoubtedly not deteriorated in comparison with observations in 2017\u20132018.<\/p>\n

Golden Eagle nesting group appears to be prosperous, but its condition is worse than in 2017 and 2018, when occupied nests with successful breeding were found in all identified breeding territories.<\/p>\nOther species of large hawksbills<\/strong>
\nIn addition to true eagles, Short-Tailed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus<\/i>, possibly one occupied breeding territory with an active nest), Cinereous Vulture (Aegypius monachus<\/i>, encounters with adult birds), and Long-Legged Buzzard (Buteo rufinus<\/i>). \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d — \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e 70 \u0433\u043d\u0451\u0437\u0434 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 8 \u0438\u043b\u0438 9 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445: \u0432 6 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u044b, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043b\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (\u043f\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0431\u0448\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430, \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043b\u0443\u043f\u044b). \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043e 15 \u0432\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0442\u0438\u0446 \u0438 11 \u043f\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0451\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u041d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043a \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435 34 \u0433\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430, 14 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 (41%), \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0430 7 (20%) \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043b\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.\nThe state of the territory's ecosystems and economic activity<\/strong>
\nIn 2022, geophysical exploration was actively carried out at the IBA in search for hydrocarbons. The production base of the geological party was located right at the eastern border of the IBA. The work benefits Tethys Petroleum Limited (TPL, Tethys Petroleum Ltd), the subsoil user id \u201cKul-Bas\u201d LLP, a subsidiary of TPL. The western half of the IBA in the Aktobe region (and its entire territory in the Atyrau region) is located in the contract area where exploration and development of the Kosbulak gas field was carried out, territory belongs to KazAzot LLP since March 2016. In 2022 (as well as in 2017\u20132019), we did not observe any noticeable activity of the company at the IBA.\n

From the time when IBA was identified and until 2020, there were no places for keeping livestock or long-term human settlements in its Aktobe part (they were located in its territory located in the Atyrau region). But later, in 2019, a wintering area and a zhailau appeared here, where horses and camels graze. The number of these animals are small and do not have a negative impact on the ecosystems in the area. In 2020\u20132021, a large number of livestock was located in IBA (including sheep) \u2013 they were temporarily transferred from the Mangistau region, where severe drought happened at the time. Traces of grazing and livestock camps are visible.<\/p>\n

No other agricultural activity was noted. However, the anthropogenic load on ecosystems has increased significantly compared to the situation before 2020, when there was no agricultural activity. Over the medium term, a great danger is posed by the rapid gas fields development, which is accompanied by the development of linear infrastructure (happening outside of IBA at the time), the emergence and expansion of permanent human presence (people and transport) in the territory.<\/p>\n

The authors thank the staff of A\u0421BK A.K. Mukhiev and A.M. Berdesheva for assistance in field work.<\/p>\n

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III \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u041e\u0440\u043b\u044b \u041f\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438: \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u00bb \u041f\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0445\u0438\u0449\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430. \u0421\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a 2. \u0422\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0441\u044b \u0413\u041d\u0415\u0417\u0414\u041e\u0412\u042b\u0415 \u0413\u0420\u0423\u041f\u041f\u0418\u0420\u041e\u0412\u041a\u0418 \u041e\u0420\u041b\u041e\u0412 \u041d\u0410 \u041a\u041b\u042e\u0427\u0415\u0412\u041e\u0419 \u041e\u0420\u041d\u0418\u0422\u041e\u041b\u041e\u0413\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0419 \u0422\u0415\u0420\u0420\u0418\u0422\u041e\u0420\u0418\u0418 \u00ab\u0427\u0418\u041d\u041a \u0414\u041e\u041d\u042b\u0417\u0422\u0410\u0423\u00bb \u0412 2022 \u0413\u041e\u0414\u0423 \u0421\u043c\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0418.\u042d. (\u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u044f, \u0410\u0421\u0411\u041a, \u0410\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d; \u041e\u041e\u041e \u00ab\u0421\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u00bb, \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a, \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f) \u0422\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e \u0410.\u0410., \u0411\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0410.\u041d. (\u041e\u041e\u041e \u00ab\u0421\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u00bb, \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0441\u043a, \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f) \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":0,"parent":2069,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2638","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0413\u041d\u0415\u0417\u0414\u041e\u0412\u042b\u0415 \u0413\u0420\u0423\u041f\u041f\u0418\u0420\u041e\u0412\u041a\u0418 \u041e\u0420\u041b\u041e\u0412 \u041d\u0410 \u041a\u041b\u042e\u0427\u0415\u0412\u041e\u0419 \u041e\u0420\u041d\u0418\u0422\u041e\u041b\u041e\u0413\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0419 \u0422\u0415\u0420\u0420\u0418\u0422\u041e\u0420\u0418\u0418 \u00ab\u0427\u0418\u041d\u041a \u0414\u041e\u041d\u042b\u0417\u0422\u0410\u0423\u00bb \u0412 2022 \u0413\u041e\u0414\u0423 - BRCC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.brcc.kz\/en\/projects-and-plans\/eagles-of-the-palearctic\/eagles-of-the-palearctic-abstracts-s2_142-152_smelansky\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0413\u041d\u0415\u0417\u0414\u041e\u0412\u042b\u0415 \u0413\u0420\u0423\u041f\u041f\u0418\u0420\u041e\u0412\u041a\u0418 \u041e\u0420\u041b\u041e\u0412 \u041d\u0410 \u041a\u041b\u042e\u0427\u0415\u0412\u041e\u0419 \u041e\u0420\u041d\u0418\u0422\u041e\u041b\u041e\u0413\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0419 \u0422\u0415\u0420\u0420\u0418\u0422\u041e\u0420\u0418\u0418 \u00ab\u0427\u0418\u041d\u041a \u0414\u041e\u041d\u042b\u0417\u0422\u0410\u0423\u00bb \u0412 2022 \u0413\u041e\u0414\u0423 - BRCC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"III \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u041e\u0440\u043b\u044b \u041f\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438: \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u00bb \u041f\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0445\u0438\u0449\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430. \u0421\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a 2. \u0422\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0441\u044b \u0413\u041d\u0415\u0417\u0414\u041e\u0412\u042b\u0415 \u0413\u0420\u0423\u041f\u041f\u0418\u0420\u041e\u0412\u041a\u0418 \u041e\u0420\u041b\u041e\u0412 \u041d\u0410 \u041a\u041b\u042e\u0427\u0415\u0412\u041e\u0419 \u041e\u0420\u041d\u0418\u0422\u041e\u041b\u041e\u0413\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0419 \u0422\u0415\u0420\u0420\u0418\u0422\u041e\u0420\u0418\u0418 \u00ab\u0427\u0418\u041d\u041a \u0414\u041e\u041d\u042b\u0417\u0422\u0410\u0423\u00bb \u0412 2022 \u0413\u041e\u0414\u0423 \u0421\u043c\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0418.\u042d. 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